Water issues and effects

Introduction

As the population of Waikato increases and water supplies are challenged with human impacts and climate change, a plentiful supply of drinking water in the future is not guaranteed. We need to protect and look after our drinking water to make sure that we have enough water to go around now and in the future.

Water issues in Waikato

The Waikato River is one of the most heavily used rivers in New Zealand.

Water from the Waikato River starts off very clear and blue, but by the time it reaches Hamilton, it is brown, cloudy and dirty looking. This is due to a variety of factors, including large amounts of bacteria, sediment and nutrients (such as phosphorus and nitrate). Learn more about water quality factors that affect the Waikato River in this article and interactive.

Even prior to human settlement, the water arriving at Port Waikato would not have been clear and completely free of microbes. The Waipā River contains a lot of sediment because of its geology, which is a natural phenomenon, leaving the lower reaches of the river muddy and brown.

However, levels of nitrogen and phosphorus are increasing about 1–2% per year. Bacteria levels are also high. The way we are managing the river today could have negative consequences for future generations of the region.;

Thinking about the Waikato River’s issues and impacts

The first section of the river from Lake Taupō to Hamilton includes hydro lakes, native bush, some settlements and farmed areas. The lower section goes through the Waipā district and is more intensively farmed, with many other influences. Hamilton City also sits alongside the river.  
 
Due to changes in flow caused by dams, lakes, power schemes and other water use, water flows from Taupō to Orakei Korako in 5 weeks instead of the original 2–3 days. This encourages algal growth and makes the water more green. Read about changes to rivers as they move through catchments in this article. 
 
Human impacts are significant for the Waikato River and are typically increasing with time. There is a strong need for more work and planning to improve the water quality of the river and restore its health. Many organisations are working in this space and making progress, but we all have an impact and will need to play a part in the restoration.  
 
The following websites have more detailed information about the Waikato River’s health and water quality:

• Waikato Regional Council: How clean is the Waikato River?
• Waikato Regional Council: Downstream changes to water quality  

Alternative possibilities

This activity encourages future problem solving, creative thinking, problem solving, critical thinking and deep learning. Students examine issues that are relevant to their local water bodies and explore the causes, effects, solutions and their possibilities, gaining insight and a better understanding of how to solve these issues.

Alternative possibilities could include reducing our water use, renewable energy solutions, climate-friendly travel options, waste minimisation, reducing food waste, composting, soil regeneration, planting, electricity efficient use, eating less meat, public education and more!